Double shell dry speed wall



Sept. 14, 1943. s. BREWER ,3

DOUBLE SHELL DRY SPEEDWALL Filed arch l, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet l o "4'; X2 Q 1- 3 JET/*0 Sept. 14, 1943. I A. s. BREWER 2,329,585

DOUBLE SHELL DRY. SPEEDWALL Filed March '1, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Sept. 14, 1943 Arthur S, Brewer, Pittsburgh, Pa, assignor to National Fireproofing Corporation, Pittsburgh,

Pa, a corporation'of Pennsylvania -Appliriation March ,1, 1941, Serial No. 381,282

(' IE- 127) 1 f 3 Claims.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in building walls, more particularly to building walls of hollow tile construction employing the so-called dry-wall til-e.

It is among the objects of the invention to provid a building wall of hollow tile in which the seepage water from the exterior of the wall is gathered and drained to the base of the wall. 'This-.is accomplished by means of a combination of standard units incorporating a V-shaped collecting chamber in the center of the unit, and two auxiliary units in alternate or in multiple courses arranged to provide an uninterrupted drainage It is a primary object of the invention to provide and maintain this drainage feature in walls of various thicknesses constructed of two or more units in wall thickness mechanically bonded as desired at intervals in-the construction of the wall, maintaining smooth, true and even surfaces not interfere with the moisture seepage and col- Election in a so-called dry-wall structure.

These and other objects oi the inventionwill become more apparent from a consideration of the accompanying drawings constituting a part hereof, in which like reference characters desighate like parts, and in which Fig. l is a view in perspective of a building wall embodying the principles of this invention;

,.Fi'g. 2 is a vertical cross-section of such a wall;

3, is a vertical cross-section cia floor joint;

Rig. 4 another vertical cross-section of a floor joint; and 1 Figs. 5 and 6 are vertical cross-sections of floor joints employing the bonding tile of this invention.

Inthe drawings, the numeral l designates a concrete footing or base on which the hollow tile wall is supported, the tile, as shown, censistingof a narrow block 2 and a relatively wide block 3.,

the pro-portion of width of which is about two to one, the block 2 bein four inches in width and the block 3 eight inches in width, making a wall thickness of substantially one foot.

The hollow tile now commonly employed utilizing the drainage or drip feature consists of a single unit in the wa11- thickness, designed to produce a finished wall surface both on the exterior and interior of the building. It is designed with one or two handles (4) to facilitate handling and placing into position. i

It is impracticalto manufacture tile in widths greater than'fi' with both faces true and parallel, without variation in overall dimensions, clue. to distortion in handling and variation in drying and firing. Walls constructed of these large single units may be erected withcne true and even wail surface with all variation in the unit causing an uneven opposite surface. The wall may also be erected with an attempt to adjust the variation where two. finishedisurfaces are desired in which event neither surface smooth and even. It is, therefore, necessary to construct the wall of a multiple of tile units such as is shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings Various other total thicknesses of walls may be oomtructedsirnilarly by. changing the unit thickness and width ratio between individual units. It is also desirable in building wall construction to reiniorcethe wall by so-called bonding courses which s the fourth course in Fig.2 of the drawin s whe ein the bonding tile 5 extends across, the mortar joint 6 of the tile units 2 and 3, These handing courses, therefore, strengthen the wall by breaking up the vertically extending mortar joints, and the bonding courses may be 'eg ployed more frequently than shown in the drawings; that isto say, every other course may be a bonding course, or every third coursemay be a; bonding course, instead of the fourth course, as hQWH- The tile block 3 are webbed to. form troughs 1 and are further designedto, leave an openspace between adjacent blocks through which the mortar 8 does not extend. Moisture seeping through the'horizontal mortar joints, accumulates in the trough and drips from the end of the trough downwardly to the trough of the adjacent tile, and thence into a trough 9 of the footing, from which it passes through pipes Ill or slotted weep-holes to the outside of the building. l j

It wil1 be more, clearly understood from Fig. 1

that the moisture drops from the trough 7 of one tile to the troughof the tile therebeneath and finaliy into the channel ot the foot.

In accordance with the present invention, the bonding; course tile 5. and 5 are designed to form a trough 1 similar to, the trough 1 of the tile block 3, inner "ends of; the tile 5, and 5 being joined by mortar, as shown at H. By this construction, the. bonding course does not interfere with the normal function of the drain tile to maintain a dry wall that prevents the penetration of moisture to the interior of the building.

Tile units 5 and 5 may also be employed in It is evident from the foregoing description of the invention that by the employment of such a bonding tile and bonding course, dry walls may be constructed of hollow tile to a width beyond the practical limits of thestandard tile units.

It is also evident that a dry wall may be constructed only of the bonding tile 5, if that for any reason is desirable.

Another improvement on the use of standard drip-tile units in various thicknesses is shown on Figs. 3 and 4 which permits the accumulated water above to pass through the structural floors. These floors may be poured concrete slabs as shown in Fig. 3, pre-cast concrete slabs and beams, concrete rib and tile systems or preassembled masonry, concrete or gypsum units since this feature can be incorporated in any or all of these systems with slight modification.

The drainage water from drip-point M or seepage water through joint [5 enters a. preformed channel l6 which collects the water causing it to enter the vertical drainage holes I! spaced at designated intervals as shown on the sketch where it passes into the trough 1 of the masonry units below.

Trough I6 may be permitted to remain without'special treatment; however, it is advisable with certain materials to waterproof the channel and outlet vents with tar, mastic, membrane,

cementitious or metallic waterproofing.

Fig. 4 shows the same construction as 3, eX-

cept that the floor systems incorporate the spandrel beam construction in a similar manner.

This improvement permits the floor slabs or spandrel beams additional bearing support on the masonry walls over at least three-fourths of the effective vertical supporting members. The figures indicate a distance of 1% from the outside edge of floor slab or beam to the exterior surface. This space permits the use of furring slabs of the same or contrasting material or texture as the structural masonry walls above and below. Where desired, these slabs may be omitted, exposing the slabs or beams which may then be increased in dimension covering'the full width of the supporting walls.

In Fig. 5 the narrow bonding drip unit 5 is employed where the structural floor or beam is supported on the inside bearing area of the wall unit 3. A flared membrane, metal, asphaltic or metallic coated waterproofing or flashing material I8 is employed to conduct the drip to the collecting trough I.

In Figure 6 a construction is shown utilizing the narrow bonding drip unit 5 as joist or beam closures for the exterior masonry wythe and also as fillers between supporting members for the inside masonry wythe. In this construction the spaces between the blocks 5 may be left open to allow the accumulated moisture to drip straight through to the collecting trough 1.

This construction may also be used for 12" or greater wall thicknesses by substituting the wide bonding drip unit 5 for the inside joist fillers, providing greater bearing area for the floor joists or beams.

Although several embodiments of the invention have been herein illustrated and described, it' will be evident to those skilled in the art that Various modifications may be made in the details of construction without departing from the principles herein set forth.

I claim:

1. A dry wall of hollow tile comprising superposed courses of pairs of tiles arranged in spaced rows with mortar joining said rows longitudinally of the wall, each tile in one row of said courses having a drip trough substantially in the center thereof with the troughs of adjacent courses in .vertical alignment; and bonding courses interposed at vertical intervals between adjacent courses of paired tile, each bonding course comprising a row of tile units bridging said longitudinal mortar joint of adjacent courses and a second row of tile units spaced therefrom, the juxtaposed faces of the rows of said bonding courses being slotted to securely receive mortar placed therebetween and being beveled at their upper edges to form drip troughs in vertical alignment with the troughs of adjacent courses.

2. A dry wall of hollow tile comprising superposed courses of pairs of tiles arranged in spaced rows with mortar joining said rows longitudinally of the wall, each tile in one row of said courses having a drip trough substantially in the center thereof. with the troughs of adjacent courses in vertical alignment; and bonding courses interposed at vertical intervals between certain of said courses of paired tile, each bonding course comprising a row of tile units bridging said longitudinal mortar joint of adjacent courses and a second row of tile units spaced therefrom, the juxtaposed faces of the rows of said bonding courses being slotted to securely receive mortar placed therebetween and being beveled at their upper edges to form drip troughs in vertical alignment with the troughs of adjacent courses.

3. A dry wall of hollow tile comprising super- ,posed courses of pairs of wide and narrow tiles arranged in spaced rows with mortar joining said rows longitudinally of the wall, the wide tile forming the outside wall, each tile in one row of said courses having a drip trough substantially in the center thereof with the troughs of adjacent courses in vertical alignment; and bonding courses of wide and narrow tile interposed at vertical intervals between certain of said courses of paired tile with the wide tile bridging the mortar joint between adjacent layers, the juxtaposed faces of the rows of said bonding courses being slotted to securely receive mortar placed therebetween and being beveled at their upper edges to form drip troughs in vertical alignment with the troughs of adjacent courses.

ARTHUR S. BREWER. 

